What is Peripheral Arterial Disease?

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a chronic disease usually due to atherosclerosis, when the atheromatous plaque cause thickening of the arterial wall, resulting in narrowing or occlusion of the arteries. This problem can occur in all arteries from the body, but one of the commonest site is the arteries of the legs.

What are the risk factors of PAD?

The following are the risk factors of atherosclerosis and its associated diseases which could increase the risk of developing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

These include:

• Aging (over 50 years old);
• Smoking;
• High cholesterol;
• Diabetes;
• High blood pressure;
• Chronic kidney disease;

High plasma levels of homocysteine elevated fibrinogen concentration;
Personal history of vascular disease, heart attack or stroke, and
Family history of premature atherosclerosis.

Patients with PAD are suggested to have evaluation and control of underlying cardio and cerebrovascular diseases, and atherosclerosis risk factors.


Clinical Classification of PAD

The varieties of signs and symptoms present help doctor to stage the severity of PAD for patients. The most commonly used methods are the Fontaine and Rutherford classification which classify the disease based on the following 4 categories of symptoms:

Asymptomatic: Most of the patients are asymptomatic, but with clinical examination such as palpation and checking the Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI) may reveal cold extremities, and other signs of incomplete blood vessels obstruction.



Intermittent Claudication (IC): Fatigue; heaviness; tiredness or cramping in the lower extremity precipitated by walking or exercise and relieved with rest. The location of the pain depends on the site of occlusion of the artery, but the commonest site is at the calf.

Critical Limb Ischaemia (CLI): Leg pain persist even at rest; decrease temperature of leg; toe or leg sores, wounds that do not heal, or heal very slowly; loss of hair on the skin; brittle nail, with absent or diminished pulse in the legs. Patients in this condition must be referred to a vascular surgeon ASAP to prevent limb loss.

Ulceration or gangrene: Minor to major tissue loss due to severe arterial occlusion, with non-healing wound in foot & ankle, or the toes turn black in color. Patients with this condition must be urgently referred to a vascular surgeon for revascularization in order to salvage the limb.

Reference information: http://veno.com.hk
It is not intended as medical advice to any specific person. If you have any need for personal advice or have any questions regarding your health, please consult your doctor for diagnosis and treatment. 

What is Peripheral Arterial Disease?

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a chronic disease usually due to atherosclerosis, when the atheromatous plaque cause thickening of the arterial wall, resulting in narrowing or occlusion of the arteries. This problem can occur in all arteries from the body, but one of the commonest site is the arteries of the legs.

What are the risk factors of PAD?

The following are the risk factors of atherosclerosis and its associated diseases which could increase the risk of developing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

These include:

• Aging (over 50 years old);
• Smoking;
• High cholesterol;
• Diabetes;
• High blood pressure;
• Chronic kidney disease;

High plasma levels of homocysteine elevated fibrinogen concentration;
Personal history of vascular disease, heart attack or stroke, and
Family history of premature atherosclerosis.

Patients with PAD are suggested to have evaluation and control of underlying cardio and cerebrovascular diseases, and atherosclerosis risk factors.


Clinical Classification of PAD

The varieties of signs and symptoms present help doctor to stage the severity of PAD for patients. The most commonly used methods are the Fontaine and Rutherford classification which classify the disease based on the following 4 categories of symptoms:

Asymptomatic: Most of the patients are asymptomatic, but with clinical examination such as palpation and checking the Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI) may reveal cold extremities, and other signs of incomplete blood vessels obstruction.



Intermittent Claudication (IC): Fatigue; heaviness; tiredness or cramping in the lower extremity precipitated by walking or exercise and relieved with rest. The location of the pain depends on the site of occlusion of the artery, but the commonest site is at the calf.

Critical Limb Ischaemia (CLI): Leg pain persist even at rest; decrease temperature of leg; toe or leg sores, wounds that do not heal, or heal very slowly; loss of hair on the skin; brittle nail, with absent or diminished pulse in the legs. Patients in this condition must be referred to a vascular surgeon ASAP to prevent limb loss.

Ulceration or gangrene: Minor to major tissue loss due to severe arterial occlusion, with non-healing wound in foot & ankle, or the toes turn black in color. Patients with this condition must be urgently referred to a vascular surgeon for revascularization in order to salvage the limb.

Reference information: http://veno.com.hk
It is not intended as medical advice to any specific person. If you have any need for personal advice or have any questions regarding your health, please consult your doctor for diagnosis and treatment. 

What is Peripheral Arterial Disease?

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a chronic disease usually due to atherosclerosis, when the atheromatous plaque cause thickening of the arterial wall, resulting in narrowing or occlusion of the arteries. This problem can occur in all arteries from the body, but one of the commonest site is the arteries of the legs.

What are the risk factors of PAD?

The following are the risk factors of atherosclerosis and its associated diseases which could increase the risk of developing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
 
These include:

• Aging (over 50 years old);
• Smoking;
• High cholesterol;
• Diabetes;
• High blood pressure;
• Chronic kidney disease;

High plasma levels of homocysteine elevated fibrinogen concentration;
Personal history of vascular disease, heart attack or stroke, and
Family history of premature atherosclerosis.

Patients with PAD are suggested to have evaluation and control of underlying cardio and cerebrovascular diseases, and atherosclerosis risk factors.

 
Clinical Classification of PAD

The varieties of signs and symptoms present help doctor to stage the severity of PAD for patients. The most commonly used methods are the Fontaine and Rutherford classification which classify the disease based on the following 4 categories of symptoms:

Asymptomatic: Most of the patients are asymptomatic, but with clinical examination such as palpation and checking the Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI) may reveal cold extremities, and other signs of incomplete blood vessels obstruction.



Intermittent Claudication (IC): Fatigue; heaviness; tiredness or cramping in the lower extremity precipitated by walking or exercise and relieved with rest. The location of the pain depends on the site of occlusion of the artery, but the commonest site is at the calf.

 

Critical Limb Ischaemia (CLI): Leg pain persist even at rest; decrease temperature of leg; toe or leg sores, wounds that do not heal, or heal very slowly; loss of hair on the skin; brittle nail, with absent or diminished pulse in the legs. Patients in this condition must be referred to a vascular surgeon ASAP to prevent limb loss.

 

Ulceration or gangrene: Minor to major tissue loss due to severe arterial occlusion, with non-healing wound in foot & ankle, or the toes turn black in color. Patients with this condition must be urgently referred to a vascular surgeon for revascularization in order to salvage the limb.

Reference information: http://esteemmedical.com.hk/peripheral-arterial-disease-cause.html 
It is not intended as medical advice to any specific person. If you have any need for personal advice or have any questions regarding your health, please consult your doctor for diagnosis and treatment. 

What is Peripheral Arterial Disease?

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a chronic disease usually due to atherosclerosis, when the atheromatous plaque cause thickening of the arterial wall, resulting in narrowing or occlusion of the arteries. This problem can occur in all arteries from the body, but one of the commonest site is the arteries of the legs.

What are the risk factors of PAD?

The following are the risk factors of atherosclerosis and its associated diseases which could increase the risk of developing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
 
These include:

• Aging (over 50 years old);
• Smoking;
• High cholesterol;
• Diabetes;
• High blood pressure;
• Chronic kidney disease;

High plasma levels of homocysteine elevated fibrinogen concentration;
Personal history of vascular disease, heart attack or stroke, and
Family history of premature atherosclerosis.

Patients with PAD are suggested to have evaluation and control of underlying cardio and cerebrovascular diseases, and atherosclerosis risk factors.

 
Clinical Classification of PAD

The varieties of signs and symptoms present help doctor to stage the severity of PAD for patients. The most commonly used methods are the Fontaine and Rutherford classification which classify the disease based on the following 4 categories of symptoms:

Asymptomatic: Most of the patients are asymptomatic, but with clinical examination such as palpation and checking the Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI) may reveal cold extremities, and other signs of incomplete blood vessels obstruction.



Intermittent Claudication (IC): Fatigue; heaviness; tiredness or cramping in the lower extremity precipitated by walking or exercise and relieved with rest. The location of the pain depends on the site of occlusion of the artery, but the commonest site is at the calf.

 

Critical Limb Ischaemia (CLI): Leg pain persist even at rest; decrease temperature of leg; toe or leg sores, wounds that do not heal, or heal very slowly; loss of hair on the skin; brittle nail, with absent or diminished pulse in the legs. Patients in this condition must be referred to a vascular surgeon ASAP to prevent limb loss.

 

Ulceration or gangrene: Minor to major tissue loss due to severe arterial occlusion, with non-healing wound in foot & ankle, or the toes turn black in color. Patients with this condition must be urgently referred to a vascular surgeon for revascularization in order to salvage the limb.

Reference information: http://esteemmedical.com.hk/peripheral-arterial-disease-cause.html 
It is not intended as medical advice to any specific person. If you have any need for personal advice or have any questions regarding your health, please consult your doctor for diagnosis and treatment. 

What is Peripheral Arterial Disease?

What is Peripheral Arterial Disease?

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a chronic disease usually due to atherosclerosis, when the atheromatous plaque cause thickening of the arterial wall, resulting in narrowing or occlusion of the arteries. This problem can occur in all arteries from the body, but one of the commonest site is the arteries of the legs.

What are the risk factors of PAD?

The following are the risk factors of atherosclerosis and its associated diseases which could increase the risk of developing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
 
These include:

• Aging (over 50 years old);
• Smoking;
• High cholesterol;
• Diabetes;
• High blood pressure;
• Chronic kidney disease;

High plasma levels of homocysteine elevated fibrinogen concentration;
Personal history of vascular disease, heart attack or stroke, and
Family history of premature atherosclerosis.

Patients with PAD are suggested to have evaluation and control of underlying cardio and cerebrovascular diseases, and atherosclerosis risk factors.

 
Clinical Classification of PAD

The varieties of signs and symptoms present help doctor to stage the severity of PAD for patients. The most commonly used methods are the Fontaine and Rutherford classification which classify the disease based on the following 4 categories of symptoms:

Asymptomatic: Most of the patients are asymptomatic, but with clinical examination such as palpation and checking the Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI) may reveal cold extremities, and other signs of incomplete blood vessels obstruction.



Intermittent Claudication (IC): Fatigue; heaviness; tiredness or cramping in the lower extremity precipitated by walking or exercise and relieved with rest. The location of the pain depends on the site of occlusion of the artery, but the commonest site is at the calf.

 

Critical Limb Ischaemia (CLI): Leg pain persist even at rest; decrease temperature of leg; toe or leg sores, wounds that do not heal, or heal very slowly; loss of hair on the skin; brittle nail, with absent or diminished pulse in the legs. Patients in this condition must be referred to a vascular surgeon ASAP to prevent limb loss.

 

Ulceration or gangrene: Minor to major tissue loss due to severe arterial occlusion, with non-healing wound in foot & ankle, or the toes turn black in color. Patients with this condition must be urgently referred to a vascular surgeon for revascularization in order to salvage the limb.

Reference information: http://esteemmedical.com.hk/peripheral-arterial-disease-cause.html 
It is not intended as medical advice to any specific person. If you have any need for personal advice or have any questions regarding your health, please consult your doctor for diagnosis and treatment.  

What is Peripheral Arterial Disease?

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a chronic disease usually due to atherosclerosis, when the atheromatous plaque cause thickening of the arterial wall, resulting in narrowing or occlusion of the arteries. This problem can occur in all arteries from the body, but one of the commonest site is the arteries of the legs.

What are the risk factors of PAD?

The following are the risk factors of atherosclerosis and its associated diseases which could increase the risk of developing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
 
These include:

• Aging (over 50 years old);
• Smoking;
• High cholesterol;
• Diabetes;
• High blood pressure;
• Chronic kidney disease;

High plasma levels of homocysteine elevated fibrinogen concentration;
Personal history of vascular disease, heart attack or stroke, and
Family history of premature atherosclerosis.

Patients with PAD are suggested to have evaluation and control of underlying cardio and cerebrovascular diseases, and atherosclerosis risk factors.

 
Clinical Classification of PAD

The varieties of signs and symptoms present help doctor to stage the severity of PAD for patients. The most commonly used methods are the Fontaine and Rutherford classification which classify the disease based on the following 4 categories of symptoms:

Asymptomatic: Most of the patients are asymptomatic, but with clinical examination such as palpation and checking the Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI) may reveal cold extremities, and other signs of incomplete blood vessels obstruction.



Intermittent Claudication (IC): Fatigue; heaviness; tiredness or cramping in the lower extremity precipitated by walking or exercise and relieved with rest. The location of the pain depends on the site of occlusion of the artery, but the commonest site is at the calf.

 

Critical Limb Ischaemia (CLI): Leg pain persist even at rest; decrease temperature of leg; toe or leg sores, wounds that do not heal, or heal very slowly; loss of hair on the skin; brittle nail, with absent or diminished pulse in the legs. Patients in this condition must be referred to a vascular surgeon ASAP to prevent limb loss.

 

Ulceration or gangrene: Minor to major tissue loss due to severe arterial occlusion, with non-healing wound in foot & ankle, or the toes turn black in color. Patients with this condition must be urgently referred to a vascular surgeon for revascularization in order to salvage the limb.

Reference information: http://esteemmedical.com.hk/peripheral-arterial-disease-cause.html 
It is not intended as medical advice to any specific person. If you have any need for personal advice or have any questions regarding your health, please consult your doctor for diagnosis and treatment. 

What is Peripheral Arterial Disease?

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a chronic disease usually due to atherosclerosis, when the atheromatous plaque cause thickening of the arterial wall, resulting in narrowing or occlusion of the arteries. This problem can occur in all arteries from the body, but one of the commonest site is the arteries of the legs.

What are the risk factors of PAD?

The following are the risk factors of atherosclerosis and its associated diseases which could increase the risk of developing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
 
These include:

• Aging (over 50 years old);
• Smoking;
• High cholesterol;
• Diabetes;
• High blood pressure;
• Chronic kidney disease;

High plasma levels of homocysteine elevated fibrinogen concentration;
Personal history of vascular disease, heart attack or stroke, and
Family history of premature atherosclerosis.

Patients with PAD are suggested to have evaluation and control of underlying cardio and cerebrovascular diseases, and atherosclerosis risk factors.

 
Clinical Classification of PAD

The varieties of signs and symptoms present help doctor to stage the severity of PAD for patients. The most commonly used methods are the Fontaine and Rutherford classification which classify the disease based on the following 4 categories of symptoms:

Asymptomatic: Most of the patients are asymptomatic, but with clinical examination such as palpation and checking the Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI) may reveal cold extremities, and other signs of incomplete blood vessels obstruction.



Intermittent Claudication (IC): Fatigue; heaviness; tiredness or cramping in the lower extremity precipitated by walking or exercise and relieved with rest. The location of the pain depends on the site of occlusion of the artery, but the commonest site is at the calf.

 

Critical Limb Ischaemia (CLI): Leg pain persist even at rest; decrease temperature of leg; toe or leg sores, wounds that do not heal, or heal very slowly; loss of hair on the skin; brittle nail, with absent or diminished pulse in the legs. Patients in this condition must be referred to a vascular surgeon ASAP to prevent limb loss.

 

Ulceration or gangrene: Minor to major tissue loss due to severe arterial occlusion, with non-healing wound in foot & ankle, or the toes turn black in color. Patients with this condition must be urgently referred to a vascular surgeon for revascularization in order to salvage the limb.

Reference information: http://esteemmedical.com.hk/peripheral-arterial-disease-cause.html 
It is not intended as medical advice to any specific person. If you have any need for personal advice or have any questions regarding your health, please consult your doctor for diagnosis and treatment. 

How common is the Peripheral Arterial Disease?

In the United States, around eight to twelve million people is suffering from Peripheral Arterial Disease.

In Hong Kong, the population is aging, the average life span is becoming longer, also with the high calorie and fatty diet culture, the number of people suffering from this disease will be also gradually increase and become younger.

 

 

Reference information: http://veno.com.hk
It is not intended as medical advice to any specific person. If you have any need for personal advice or have any questions regarding your health, please consult your doctor for diagnosis and treatment.

How common is the Peripheral Arterial Disease?

In the United States, around eight to twelve million people is suffering from Peripheral Arterial Disease.

In Hong Kong, the population is aging, the average life span is becoming longer, also with the high calorie and fatty diet culture, the number of people suffering from this disease will be also gradually increase and become younger.

 

 

Reference information: http://veno.com.hk
It is not intended as medical advice to any specific person. If you have any need for personal advice or have any questions regarding your health, please consult your doctor for diagnosis and treatment.

What is Peripheral Arterial Disease?

Peripheral Arterial Disease refers to the blood vessels of lower limbs narrowed. That impedes the blood flow to lower limbs via arteries, causing the surrounding tissue ischemic.

What causes Peripheral Arterial Disease?
      

The majority of those patients with Peripheral Arterial Disease are suffering from the hyperlipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, or hypertension. A plaque is usually formed and builds up in the inner wall of the arteries, narrow the artery. If at the same time, age over 50, having smoking habit, family history, or suffering from the chronic illness, such as chronic renal disease, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, the risk of suffering Peripheral Arterial Disease is much higher.

      

Reference information: http://veno.com.hk 

It is not intended as medical advice to any specific person. 

If you have any need for personaadvice or have any questions regarding your health, 

please consult your doctor for diagnosis and treatment.

How is the diagnosis of Peripheral Arterial Disease?

Peripheral Arterial Disease can be firstly screened by measuring the blood pressure of ankle and brachial, then calculate the Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI). 

If the result of ABI is less than 0.9, it is shown that the case is relatively high chance of suffering from Peripheral Arterial Disease.  For further details, doctors can get more information by performing ultrasound scan or angiography on the affected part.

Reference information: veno.com.hk

It is not intended as medical advice to any specific person. If you have any need for personal advice or have any questions regarding your health, please consult your doctor for diagnosis and treatment.

How is the diagnosis of Peripheral Arterial Disease?

Peripheral Arterial Disease can be firstly screened by measuring the blood pressure of ankle and brachial, then calculate the Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI). 

If the result of ABI is less than 0.9, it is shown that the case is relatively high chance of suffering from Peripheral Arterial Disease.  For further details, doctors can get more information by performing ultrasound scan or angiography on the affected part.

Reference information: veno.com.hk

It is not intended as medical advice to any specific person. If you have any need for personal advice or have any questions regarding your health, please consult your doctor for diagnosis and treatment.

What problems and sign and symptom do Peripheral Arterial Disease causes?

It is commonly happened in the lower limb arteries. The decreased blood flow due to the narrowed arteries, can lead to the lower limbs pain, numbness, muscle fatigue or cramp. At the early stage of this disease, sign and symptom often occurred during walking, but when stop, the sign and symptom will disappear. This is called “Intermittent Claudication”.

If it is untreated, the blood flow will be nearly or completely blocked due to the plaque is being enlarged by accumulating fat or cholesterol on the inner wall of the affected artery. Limited blood supply will make the surrounding tissue dead, causing gangrene foot, and so increasing the infection risk of the affected limbs. At the late stage, critical ischemic limb can be as serious as amputation is required, in order to saving life under the critical situation. 

                                                                                                      

Those diabetic patients often suffer from Peripheral Arterial Disease. Their nerves are damaged due to diabetes, making patient’s sensation and vision poor. The foot problem is not able to discover easily at the early stage. Ultimately, critical ischemic limb (diabetic foot), one of the Peripheral Arterial Disease also happened on the diabetic patients.

 Reference information: http://veno.com.hk
It is not intended as medical advice to any specific person. If you have any need for personal advice or have any questions regarding your health, please consult your doctor for diagnosis and treatment.

How common is the Peripheral Arterial Disease?

In the United States, around eight to twelve million people is suffering from Peripheral Arterial Disease.

In Hong Kong, the population is aging, the average life span is becoming longer, also with the high calorie and fatty diet culture, the number of people suffering from this disease will be also gradually increase and become younger.

Reference information: http://veno.com.hk
It is not intended as medical advice to any specific person. If you have any need for personal advice or have any questions regarding your health, please consult your doctor for diagnosis and treatment.

What is Peripheral Arterial Disease?

What is Peripheral Arterial Disease?

        Peripheral Arterial Disease refers to the blood vessels of lower limbs narrowed. That impedes the blood flow to lower limbs via arteries, causing the surrounding tissue ischemic.

What causes Peripheral Arterial Disease?

        The majority of those patients with Peripheral Arterial Disease are suffering from the hyperlipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, or hypertension. A plaque is usually formed and builds up in the inner wall of the arteries, narrow the artery. If at the same time, age over 50, having smoking habit, family history, or suffering from the chronic illness, such as chronic renal disease, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, the risk of suffering Peripheral Arterial Disease is much higher.

        Reference information: http://veno.com.hk
It is not intended as medical advice to any specific person. If you have any need for personal advice or have any questions regarding your health, please consult your doctor for diagnosis and treatment.